Logical Reasoning Shortcuts & Concept Notes

Memorize the letter rankings using EJOTY (E=5, J=10, O=15, T=20, Y=25). To find the reverse alphabet position of a letter, subtract its forward position from 27. Example: Position of G is 7, so reverse of G is 27 - 7 = 20 (T).

• "All A are B" implies A is completely inside B. • "Some A are B" implies intersection between A and B. • "No A is B" implies disjoint circles. • "Some A are not B" implies a part of A does not intersect with B. • Complementary Pairs (Either-Or Case): One statement must be positive (Some/All) and the other negative (No/Some not), with the same subject and predicate.

• Use (+) or Male Box for Male candidates. • Use (-) or Female Circle for Female candidates. • Use a double horizontal line (=) for married couples. • Use a single horizontal line (-) for siblings. • Use vertical lines for generation changes (Parents above, children below).

Always draw the primary directions cardinal cross (North at the top, South at the bottom, East to the right, West to the left). Standard rotation rule: Turning right is clockwise (90°), turning left is counter-clockwise (90°). Use Pythagoras theorem (a^2 + b^2 = c^2) to find the shortest diagonal distance.